Glossary is usually defined as an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge. This knowledge base glossary provides a collection of knowledge base documents that define many technical terms. These terms are arranged alphabetically, but you can quickly jump to a specific term by selecting its first letter from the index of the knowledge base glossary below.

32-bit IP addressing is the IP address scheme used in Internet Protocol 4 (IPv6 uses a 128-bit system). In IPv4, an IP address is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet.The 32-bit IP address (we have a separate definition of it with IP address) is often depicted as a dot address (also called dotted quad notation) - that is, four groups (or quads) of decimal numbers separated by periods. Here`s an example: 130.5.5.25 Each of the decimal numbers represents a string of eight binary digits. Thus, the above IP address really is this string of 0s and 1s: 10000010.00000101.00000101.00011001 As you can see, we inserted periods between each eight-digit sequence just as we did for the decimal version of the IP address. Obviously, the decimal version of the IP address is easier to read and that`s the form most commonly used. Some portion of the IP address represents the network number or address and some portion represents the local machine address (also known as the host number or address). IP addresses can be one of several classes, each determining how many bits represent the network number and how many represent the host number. The most common class used by large organizations (Class B) allows 16 bits for the network number and 16 for the host number. Using the above example, here`s how the IP address is divided: <--Network address--><--Host address--> 130.5 . 5.25 If you wanted to add subnetting to this address, then some portion (in this example, eight bits) of the host address could be used for a subnet address. Thus: <--Network address--><--Subnet address--><--Host address--> 130.5 . 5 . 25 To simplify this explanation, we`ve divided the subnet into a neat eight bits but an organization could choose some other scheme using only part of the third quad or even part of the fourth quad. Once a packet has arrived at an organization`s gateway or connection point with its unique network number, it can be routed within the organization`s internal gateways using the subnet number. The router knows which bits to look at (and which not to look at) by looking at a subnet mask, which is a screen of numbers that tells you which numbers to look at underneath.

AC`97 (short for Audio Codec `97) is Intel Corporation`s Audio "Codec" standard developed by the Intel

ADH - Azalia Digital Header Additional info (High Definition Audio, previously codenamed Azalia) CODEC

short for Access Point, a set of hardware and software that acts as a communication hub for wireless clients to connect to a wired LAN. APs are important for providing heightened wireless network security and for extending the physical range of service a wireless client has access to. See infrastructure mode and ad-hoc mode

BT is a kind of P2P tool.

Central processing unit; the basic memory or logic center of a computer that includes the circuits controlling the processing and execution of instructions. 中央處理器（Central Processing Unit，CPU），是電腦的主要器材之一。其功能主要是解釋電腦指令以及處理電腦軟體中的資料。所謂的電腦的可程式性主要是指對CPU的編程。CPU、內部存儲器和輸入/輸出器材是現代電腦的三大核心部件。由積體電路製造的CPU，20世紀70年代以前，本來是由數個獨立單元構成，後來發展出微處理機把CPU複雜的電路可以作成單一微小功能強大的單元。 「中央處理器」這個名稱，籠統地說，是對一系列可以執行複雜的電腦程式的邏輯機器的描述。這個空泛的定義很容易的將在「CPU」這個名稱被普遍使用之前的早期的電腦也包括在內。無論如何，至少從20世紀60年代早期開始(Weik 1961)，這個名稱及其縮寫已開始在電腦產業中得到廣泛應用。儘管與早期相比，「中央處理器」在物理形態、設計製造和具體任務的執行上有了戲劇性的發展，但是其基本的操作原理一直沒有改變。

DHCP 為「Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol」之簡稱。其目的為動態分配 IP 位置給子網路區域中的機器，例如辦公室中的 Dos、Win95 機器。藉此省去使用者費心費力設定的麻煩，同時管理者也可以實施有計劃的分配，以杜絕私設 IP 位置的情況發生。 DHCP 的運作原理為，當使用者的機器打開後，其網路卡會向整個子網路發出廣播封包，詢問是否有 DHCP 伺服器的存在，如果有就會向他發出請求要租一個可用的 IP 位置，然後 DHCP 伺服器就會出租一個 IP 位置給這部機器，另外也會將相關訊息(例如 subnet mask 、name server、gateway 等等)一併送給使用者的機器。等到租約到期後，機器必須重新要一個 IP 位置。整個過程可化成以下幾個步驟: 1. Client 發出廣播封包請 DHCP 伺服器回應。 2. DHCP Server 聽到廣播。 3. DHCP Server 送出 IP 位置等相關資料給 Client。 4. Client 收到後便使用這個 IP 位置上網路，一直到租約到期。 因此在 DHCP 的協定中，IP 位置被當做一塊土地般地出租出去，然後時間到了就自動收回。像在一般的辦公環境裡，可以把租期設成一天。另外在一些特殊的情況下，例如資訊教室內，就可以依照每張網路卡的硬體卡號配與事先設定好的 IP 位置，達到固定 IP 位置管理但又不用麻煩地一台台去設定。

short for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE is best known for developing various standards for the computer and electronic industry

MTU 值 最大傳輸單元 (Maximum Transfer Unit, MTU) 路由器或閘道器可影響的設定之一，就是「最大傳輸單元」(MTU)。MTU 決定了一個 IP 介面所能傳輸的最大資料電報。 Maximum Transmission Unit 的縮寫！網路（最大傳輸單元） MTU是電腦在一段時間下，網際網路所能傳送最大的封包 （PACKET）大小， （最高可以把資源傳送到網上的總容量）。大於這個尺寸的訊息資料會被切割成好幾個封包來傳遞。 一般而言，MTU 在網路卡（EtherNet）的預設值為 1500 。 設定過大，否則出現Packet lost封包失掉的情況

The SNIA (Storage Network Industry Association) defines NAS (Network Attached Storage) as a storage device providing file access services through the network. By special distributed structure, NAS easily offers unlimited and expandable storage to anyone on the network. When connecting to any node on the network, computers with all kinds of operation systems can access files or documents via NAS right away.